Before you apply: what to gather
Having this ready makes the application faster and helps avoid delays:
- Your Social Security number and birth certificate (or other proof of age).
- Names, addresses, phone numbers, and visit dates for every doctor, hospital, and clinic that treated your condition.
- A list of your medications and the tests you've had.
- Your work history for the last 15 years: job titles, dates, and what the work involved.
- Your most recent W-2 or, if self-employed, your tax return.
- For SSI: information about your income, bank accounts, and anything you own.
How to apply
There are three ways to apply:
- Online at ssa.gov. Most adults can apply for SSDI online, and you can save your progress and come back.
- By phone at 1-800-772-1213 (TTY 1-800-325-0778).
- In person at your local Social Security office. Call first to make an appointment.
If you're applying for SSI, Social Security may need to complete part of the application with you by phone or in person.
What happens after you apply
Social Security checks that you meet the basic rules (like work credits for SSDI, or income and resources for SSI). Then your file goes to a state agency, usually called Disability Determination Services, that decides whether you meet the medical definition of disability.
That agency requests your medical records. It may also ask you to fill out more forms or go to a free medical exam it schedules. Answer every letter and go to every appointment: missing them is a common reason for denial.
Decisions often take several months. You can check your status in your my Social Security account.
Tips that help your application
- Keep seeing your doctors. Ongoing treatment records are the strongest evidence.
- Describe your worst days honestly, not just your best ones.
- Explain what you can't do anymore, at work and at home, in specific terms.
- Keep copies of everything you send and receive.
- Write down the date and name of everyone you talk to at Social Security.
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Frequently asked questions
Can I apply for SSDI and SSI at the same time?
Yes. The application can cover both. Social Security will check which program, or both, you may qualify for.
Do I need a lawyer to apply?
No, you can apply on your own. Some people get help from an attorney or representative, especially after a denial. Their fee is capped by federal law and usually paid only if you win.
How long does a decision take?
It varies by state and by case, but first decisions often take several months. Appeals can take much longer.
What if I'm denied?
You can appeal. You usually have 60 days from the date you receive the denial letter to ask for the next level of review.
Sources
- SSA, Apply for Disability Benefits: www.ssa.gov/apply/disability
- SSA, Supplemental Security Income (SSI): www.ssa.gov/ssi
- SSA, Appeal a Decision: www.ssa.gov/apply/appeal-decision-we-made
This guide is general information, not legal advice. Disability Drew is not affiliated with the Social Security Administration.